The Impact of Supply Chain Management Approaches on Supply Chain Performance in Iraq

Indeed due to globalization and changing regional powers, supply chain (SC) has become an essential element. It is evident that political, social and economic changes over the few past decades become supply chain more uncertain and complex. The economy of Iraq is dominated by Oil that is contributing 95% in its foreign exchange. Meanwhile, War has destroyed its major infrastructure still supply is moving on but with more uncertainty. AlthoughWar destroyed the economy badly. However, there are numerous ways to reduce the uncertainty that will improve the performance; supply chain management (SCM) approaches cannot be neglected. Whereas, supply chain management approaches have determined the performance in various industries and in various regions. The aim of this study to explore the potential benefits of supply chain management approaches toward attaining supply chain performance. This is an empirical investigation conducting among members of oil and gas supply chain in Iraq. Data were collected from 260 members of thesupply chain that include drilling, processing, distribution areas of Iraq. Factor analysis and multiple regressions through SPSS have been used for data analysis. The finding of this study reveals that all three supply chain management approaches information sharing (IS), joint decision making (JDM) and risk and reward sharing (RRS) positively and significantly affect the supply chain performance

The impact of supply chain collaboration on performance in automotive industry: Empirical evidence

Purpose: Indeed due to global advancement, rapid technological innovation, and enhancing regional influence, supply chain (SC) has become an essential element. Now, competition has shifted from organization to industry level; any disruption can not only disturb organization but also affect the whole industry. Although Pakistan is agriculture land still industry sector is supporting more than half population, especially the automotive sector is the highest growing sector. Due to regional and economic shift toward China and India, this sector is facing numerous problems. Only thirteen large-scale automotive organizations are operational by creating collaboration among them many issues can be resolved. Supply chain collaboration has dogged the performance in various industries and in various regions. The aim of this study is to explore the potential benefits of supply chain collaboration toward achieving operational performance. Design/methodology/approach: This is an empirical investigation conducting among supply chain department of automotive industries in Pakistan. Data were collected from 232 members of the supply chain that include suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors. Factor analysis and multiple regressions through SPSS have been used for data analysis. Findings: The finding of this study reveals that two supply chain management approaches information sharing (IS), joint decision making (JDM) significantly effect, while Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) does not have a significant effect on operational performance. Research limitations: This study consists only three approaches, next study should include more approaches. Secondly, this study is limited to the automotive sector. Practical implications: [This study will help the managers of the automotive industry in making their operation smooth by applying information sharing, joint decision making, and electronic data interchange. Originality/value: First novelty of this study is the implementation of supply chain collaboration for developing country especially for Pakistan. Secondly, this study seed collaboration as communication and include all aspects of communication like formal communication, informal communication.Peer Reviewe

Joint routing protocol and image compression algorithm for prolonging node lifetime in wireless sensor network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) are among the emerging modern technologies, with a vast range of application in different areas. However, the current WSNs technology faces a key challenge in terms of node lifetime and network connectivity due to limited power resource of the node. The conventional data routing protocols do not consider the power available at the node on the path from source to sink, thus they result in the exhaustion and eventual death of nodes surrounding the sink node, thus generating routing holes reducing the network throughput. In order to address the issue in this research presents a novel protocol based on equal power consumption at all network nodes. The consume power fairly (CPF) protocol achieves a high power efficiency by distributing power consumption equal on all the network nodes. The protocol compares the power available on all the paths from source to sink and then selects the path with highest power. Additionally in order to reduce the transmitted data size, a lossy image compression technique based on adaptive Haar wavelet transform has been implemented. The simulation designs based on MATLAB consists of 100 randomly distributed nodes over an area of 100 m2, with 30 Kbits and 40 Kbits of packet sizes. The comparison between the proposed CPF protocol and the energy aware protocol has been carried out on the basis of number of iterations and the dead nodes in the network. Thorough simulations have been carried out based on different number of network iterations to validate the potential of the proposed solution. Moreover the implemenetation of multiscale retinex technique results in image enhancement and impoved classification. An implementation of the CPF protocol and image compression technique on a 100 node network with 500 iterations, results in the death of 13 nodes as compard to 38 dead nodes with energy aware protocol for the same network. Thus the performance comparision of CPF and energy aware protocol demonstrates an improvement of 81.19% for the energy consumption of the network. Thus the proposed algorithm prolongs the network under consideration by 57 – 62% as compared to networks with conventional routing protocols

The Rule of Distinct Services of Transport Companies in Customers Satisfaction: A Case Study from Royal Jordanian Airlines

This study aims to explore the extent of offering distinctive services by the Royal Jordanian Airlines transport company to the travelers on its aircraft. The study relied on data collected from the company's profile and website. And through the benchmarking between the services of Royal Jordanian Airlines with some international airlines companies, and the services standardized by the International Air Transport Association, the results showed: Royal Jordanian Airline Provides pre-flight services such as; possibility to book by phone or internet with the lowest fare, notify travelers of known delays if any, deliver baggage on time, refund of the ticket to the client in case of his apology for travel. Royal Jordanian pays more attention to the passengers with disabilities and special needs in terms of providing those comfortable seats and equipment that help them to move, in addition to kind treatment and special food. As one of the in-flight services, Royal Jordanian Airlines accepts unaccompanied minors ages 5-14 years with $100 as an escort service charge per direction. Royal Jordanian Airlines is seeking to improve the quality of food and beverages offered to passengers in terms of taking into account the conditions of diabetes and pressure. Services provided to mitigate passenger inconvenience from cancellations and misconnections are from the post-flight services